|
Dan
7:2-28
2
Daniel
spake
and
said,
I
saw
in
my
vision
by
night,
and,
behold,
the
four
winds
of
the
heaven
strove
upon
the
great
sea.
3
And
four
great
beasts
came
up
from
the
sea,
diverse
one
from
another.
4
The
first
was
like
a
lion,
and
had
eagle's
wings:
I
beheld
till
the
wings
thereof
were
plucked,
and
it
was
lifted
up
from
the
earth,
and
made
stand
upon
the
feet
as
a
man,
and
a
man's
heart
was
given
to
it.
5
And
behold
another
beast,
a
second,
like
to
a
bear,
and
it
raised
up
itself
on
one
side,
and
it
had
three
ribs
in
the
mouth
of
it
between
the
teeth
of
it:
and
they
said
thus
unto
it,
Arise,
devour
much
flesh.
6
After
this
I
beheld,
and
lo
another,
like
a
leopard,
which
had
upon
the
back
of
it
four
wings
of
a
fowl;
the
beast
had
also
four
heads;
and
dominion
was
given
to
it.
7
After
this
I
saw
in
the
night
visions,
and
behold
a
fourth
beast,
dreadful
and
terrible,
and
strong
exceedingly;
and
it
had
great
iron
teeth:
it
devoured
and
brake
in
pieces,
and
stamped
the
residue
with
the
feet
of
it:
and
it
was
diverse
from
all
the
beasts
that
were
before
it;
and
it
had
ten
horns.
8
I
considered
the
horns,
and,
behold,
there
came
up
among
them
another
little
horn,
before
whom
there
were
three
of
the
first
horns
plucked
up
by
the
roots:
and,
behold,
in
this
horn
were
eyes
like
the
eyes
of
man,
and
a
mouth
speaking
great
things.
9
I
beheld
till
the
thrones
were
cast
down,
and
the
Ancient
of
days
did
sit,
whose
garment
was
white
as
snow,
and
the
hair
of
his
head
like
the
pure
wool:
his
throne
was
like
the
fiery
flame,
and
his
wheels
as
burning
fire.
10
A
fiery
stream
issued
and
came
forth
from
before
him:
thousand
thousands
ministered
unto
him,
and
ten
thousand
times
ten
thousand
stood
before
him:
the
judgment
was
set,
and
the
books
were
opened.
11
I
beheld
then
because
of
the
voice
of
the
great
words
which
the
horn
spake:
I
beheld
even
till
the
beast
was
slain,
and
his
body
destroyed,
and
given
to
the
burning
flame.
12
As
concerning
the
rest
of
the
beasts,
they
had
their
dominion
taken
away:
yet
their
lives
were
prolonged
for
a
season
and
time.
13
I
saw
in
the
night
visions,
and,
behold,
one
like
the
Son
of
man
came
with
the
clouds
of
heaven,
and
came
to
the
Ancient
of
days,
and
they
brought
him
near
before
him.
14
And
there
was
given
him
dominion,
and
glory,
and
a
kingdom,
that
all
people,
nations,
and
languages,
should
serve
him:
his
dominion
is
an
everlasting
dominion,
which
shall
not
pass
away,
and
his
kingdom
that
which
shall
not
be
destroyed.
These
"beasts"
are
'governments'
with
great
power,
kings
with
their
kingdoms
...
(a
king
and
his
dominion
over
those
he
rules).
Dan
7:
15
I
Daniel
was
grieved
in
my
spirit
in
the
midst
of
my
body,
and
the
visions
of
my
head
troubled
me.
16
I
came
near
unto
one
of
them
that
stood
by,
and
asked
him
the
truth
of
all
this.
So
he
told
me,
and
made
me
know
the
interpretation
of
the
things.
Dan
7:
17
These
great
beasts,
which
are
four,
are
four
kings,
which
shall
arise
out
of
the
earth.
18
But
the
saints
of
the
most
High
shall
take
the
kingdom,
and
possess
the
kingdom
for
ever,
even
for
ever
and
ever.
19
Then
I
would
know
the
truth
of
the
fourth
beast,
which
was
diverse
from
all
the
others,
exceeding
dreadful,
whose
teeth
were
of
iron,
and
his
nails
of
brass;
which
devoured,
brake
in
pieces,
and
stamped
the
residue
with
his
feet;
20
And
of
the
ten
horns
that
were
in
his
head,
and
of
the
other
which
came
up,
and
before
whom
three
fell;
even
of
that
horn
that
had
eyes,
and
a
mouth
that
spake
very
great
things,
whose
look
was
more
stout
than
his
fellows.
21
I
beheld,
and
the
same
horn
made
war
with
the
saints,
and
prevailed
against
them;
22
Until
the
Ancient
of
days
came,
and
judgment
was
given
to
the
saints
of
the
most
High;
and
the
time
came
that
the
saints
possessed
the
kingdom.
Dan
7:
23
Thus
he
said,
The
fourth
beast
shall
be
the
fourth
kingdom
upon
earth,
which
shall
be
diverse
from
all
kingdoms,
and
shall
devour
the
whole
earth,
and
shall
tread
it
down,
and
break
it
in
pieces.
24
And
the
ten
horns
out
of
this
kingdom
are
ten
kings
that
shall
arise:
and
another
shall
rise
after
them;
and
he
shall
be
diverse
from
the
first,
and
he
shall
subdue
three
kings.
25
And
he
shall
speak
great
words
against
the
most
High,
and
shall
wear
out
the
saints
of
the
most
High,
and
think
to
change
times
and
laws:
and
they
shall
be
given
into
his
hand
until
a
time
and
times
and
the
dividing
of
time.
26
But
the
judgment
shall
sit,
and
they
shall
take
away
his
dominion,
to
consume
and
to
destroy
it
unto
the
end.
27
And
the
kingdom
and
dominion,
and
the
greatness
of
the
kingdom
under
the
whole
heaven,
shall
be
given
to
the
people
of
the
saints
of
the
most
High,
whose
kingdom
is
an
everlasting
kingdom,
and
all
dominions
shall
serve
and
obey
him.
28
Hitherto
is
the
end
of
the
matter.
As
for
me
Daniel,
my
cogitations
much
troubled
me,
and
my
countenance
changed
in
me:
but
I
kept
the
matter
in
my
heart.
(KJV)
Now,
what
we
must
understand
is,
that
of
these
"four
great
beasts"
which
"came
up
from
the
sea,
diverse
one
from
another",
the
first
three
"great
beasts"
kingdoms
which
had
predominant
rule
over
so
much
of
the
world
are
now
in
the
past.
The
influences
of
these
first
three
great
kingdoms/kings
have
shaped
the
world,
but
it
is
the
"fourth
kingdom
upon
earth,
which
shall
be
diverse
from
all
kingdoms,
and
shall
devour
the
whole
earth,
and
shall
tread
it
down,
and
break
it
in
pieces"
of
which
we
have
particular
need
to
understand.
This
"fourth
kingdom"
is
also
spoken
of
in
Revelations.
Rev
13:1-10
1
And
I
stood
upon
the
sand
of
the
sea,
and
saw
a
beast
rise
up
out
of
the
sea,
having
seven
heads
and
ten
horns,
and
upon
his
horns
ten
crowns,
and
upon
his
heads
the
name
of
blasphemy.
2
And
the
beast
which
I
saw
was
like
unto
a
leopard,
and
his
feet
were
as
the
feet
of
a
bear,
and
his
mouth
as
the
mouth
of
a
lion:
and
the
dragon
gave
him
his
power,
and
his
seat,
and
great
authority.
What
does
this
say?
This
"fourth
kingdom"
was
"like
unto
a
leopard,
and
his
feet
were
as
the
feet
of
a
bear,
and
his
mouth
as
the
mouth
of
a
lion".
The
"fourth
kingdom"
(of
the
"four
great
beasts")
was
"like
unto"
the
first
three
"great
beasts"
that
preceded
it.
Therefore,
this
"fourth
kingdom"
had
incorporated
all
the
ways
,
laws,
and
traditions
of
the
first
three
"great
beasts".
But,
this
"fourth
kingdom"
is
"diverse
from
all
kingdoms"
which
came
before
it.
By
incorporating
all
these
different
ways,
laws,
and
traditions
of
those
first
three
kingdoms,
and
then
having
the
power,
seat
(throne),
and
the
great
authority
that
Satan's
dragon
government
has
possessed
(even
from
before
the
beginning
of
this
earth
age),
then
what
we
have,
in
these
end
times,
is
a
very
powerful
'one
world
government'.
The
reason
this
"fourth
kingdom"
is
"diverse
from
all
kingdoms",
which
have
preceded
it,
is
because
it
has
incorporated
all
of
these
ways
,
laws,
traditions
of
those
who
preceded
it.
Now,
what
did
FATHER'S
Word
say
about
joining
house
to
house
(government
to
government)?
Isa
5:8
8
Woe
unto
them
that
join
house
to
house,
that
lay
field
to
field,
till
there
be
no
place,
that
they
may
be
placed
alone
in
the
midst
of
the
earth!
(KJV)
What
does
FATHER
think
about
this?
Ezra
9:1-15
1
Now
when
these
things
were
done,
the
princes
came
to
me,
saying,
The
people
of
Israel,
and
the
priests,
and
the
Levites,
have
not
separated
themselves
from
the
people
of
the
lands,
doing
according
to
their
abominations,
even
of
the
Canaanites,
the
Hittites,
the
Perizzites,
the
Jebusites,
the
Ammonites,
the
Moabites,
the
Egyptians,
and
the
Amorites.
2
For
they
have
taken
of
their
daughters
for
themselves,
and
for
their
sons:
so
that
the
holy
seed
have
mingled
themselves
with
the
people
of
those
lands:
yea,
the
hand
of
the
princes
and
rulers
hath
been
chief
in
this
trespass.
3
And
when
I
heard
this
thing,
I
rent
my
garment
and
my
mantle,
and
plucked
off
the
hair
of
my
head
and
of
my
beard,
and
sat
down
astonied.
4
Then
were
assembled
unto
me
every
one
that
trembled
at
the
words
of
the
God
of
Israel,
because
of
the
transgression
of
those
that
had
been
carried
away;
and
I
sat
astonied
until
the
evening
sacrifice.
5
And
at
the
evening
sacrifice
I
arose
up
from
my
heaviness;
and
having
rent
my
garment
and
my
mantle,
I
fell
upon
my
knees,
and
spread
out
my
hands
unto
the
LORD
my
God,
6
And
said,
O
my
God,
I
am
ashamed
and
blush
to
lift
up
my
face
to
thee,
my
God:
for
our
iniquities
are
increased
over
our
head,
and
our
trespass
is
grown
up
unto
the
heavens.
7
Since
the
days
of
our
fathers
have
we
been
in
a
great
trespass
unto
this
day;
and
for
our
iniquities
have
we,
our
kings,
and
our
priests,
been
delivered
into
the
hand
of
the
kings
of
the
lands,
to
the
sword,
to
captivity,
and
to
a
spoil,
and
to
confusion
of
face,
as
it
is
this
day.
8
And
now
for
a
little
space
grace
hath
been
shewed
from
the
LORD
our
God,
to
leave
us
a
remnant
to
escape,
and
to
give
us
a
nail
in
his
holy
place,
that
our
God
may
lighten
our
eyes,
and
give
us
a
little
reviving
in
our
bondage.
9
For
we
were
bondmen;
yet
our
God
hath
not
forsaken
us
in
our
bondage,
but
hath
extended
mercy
unto
us
in
the
sight
of
the
kings
of
Persia,
to
give
us
a
reviving,
to
set
up
the
house
of
our
God,
and
to
repair
the
desolations
thereof,
and
to
give
us
a
wall
in
Judah
and
in
Jerusalem.
10
And
now,
O
our
God,
what
shall
we
say
after
this?
for
we
have
forsaken
thy
commandments,
11
Which
thou
hast
commanded
by
thy
servants
the
prophets,
saying,
The
land,
unto
which
ye
go
to
possess
it,
is
an
unclean
land
with
the
filthiness
of
the
people
of
the
lands,
with
their
abominations,
which
have
filled
it
from
one
end
to
another
with
their
uncleanness.
12
Now
therefore
give
not
your
daughters
unto
their
sons,
neither
take
their
daughters
unto
your
sons,
nor
seek
their
peace
or
their
wealth
for
ever:
that
ye
may
be
strong,
and
eat
the
good
of
the
land,
and
leave
it
for
an
inheritance
to
your
children
for
ever.
13
And
after
all
that
is
come
upon
us
for
our
evil
deeds,
and
for
our
great
trespass,
seeing
that
thou
our
God
hast
punished
us
less
than
our
iniquities
deserve,
and
hast
given
us
such
deliverance
as
this;
14
Should
we
again
break
thy
commandments,
and
join
in
affinity
with
the
people
of
these
abominations?
wouldest
not
thou
be
angry
with
us
till
thou
hadst
consumed
us,
so
that
there
should
be
no
remnant
nor
escaping?
15
O
LORD
God
of
Israel,
thou
art
righteous:
for
we
remain
yet
escaped,
as
it
is
this
day:
behold,
we
are
before
thee
in
our
trespasses:
for
we
cannot
stand
before
thee
because
of
this.
(KJV)
FATHER
has
told
us
these
things
would
come
about.
HE
has
told
us
all
thing
in
HIS
HOLY
Word.
That
which
occurred
in
the
first
Heaven
age
shall
and
is
happening
in
this
earth
age.
And,
it
has
happened
again
and
again
throughout
the
different
generations.
We
can
also
see
a
likeness
of
this
this
"fourth
kingdom"
(Satan's
government)
as
it
was
in
the
2nd
Heaven
age.
Rev
12:3-4
3
And
there
appeared
another
wonder
in
heaven;
and
behold
a
great
red
dragon,
having
seven
heads
and
ten
horns,
and
seven
crowns
upon
his
heads.
4
And
his
tail
drew
the
third
part
of
the
stars
of
heaven,
and
did
cast
them
to
the
earth:
and
the
dragon
stood
before
the
woman
which
was
ready
to
be
delivered,
for
to
devour
her
child
as
soon
as
it
was
born.
(KJV)
Even
before
"the
dragon"
(Satan's
government
including
the
fallen
angels
which
precede
him)
are
visible
in
the
sight
of
flesh
men,
his
"fourth
kingdom"
is
made
ready
in
the
2nd
Heavenly
dimension.
As
this
"fourth
kingdom"
was
established
in
the
earth,
it
then
brought
together
many
of
the
peoples
of
the
world,
their
governments,
religions,
traditions,
prejudices,
etc.
{Again,
this
was
not
according
to
YHVH'S
Law
or
Way,
for
HE
warned
us
about
building
"house
to
house".
For,
in
combining
all
these
different
governments,
religions,
traditions,
prejudices,
and
etc,
then
YHVH'S
Way,
HIS
Law,
and
HIS
Truth
becomes
polluted
by
that
which
is
not
of
YHVH,
but
of
Satan.}
Then
After
the
wounding
and
all
that
has
need
to
occur
in
the
earth
as
a
result
of
this
wounding
is
accomplished,
then
this
"fourth
kingdom"
(the
fourth
"great
beast")
is
healed
when
his
fallen
angels
arrive.
Rev
13:
3
And
I
saw
one
of
his
heads
as
it
were
wounded
to
death;
and
his
deadly
wound
was
healed:
and
all
the
world
wondered
after
the
beast.
4
And
they
worshipped
the
dragon
which
gave
power
unto
the
beast:
and
they
worshipped
the
beast,
saying,
Who
is
like
unto
the
beast?
who
is
able
to
make
war
with
him?
These
things
are
told
to
us
in
the
sequence
in
which
they
occurred:
"one
of
his
heads
as
it
were
wounded
to
death",
"and
his
deadly
wound
was
healed",
"and
all
the
world
wondered
after
the
beast.
And
they
worshipped
the
dragon
which
gave
power
unto
the
beast:
and
they
worshipped
the
beast,
saying,
Who
is
like
unto
the
beast?
who
is
able
to
make
war
with
him?"
This
next
verse
gives
us
information,
but
is
not
a
part
of
the
sequence
as
stated
in
the
prior
verses.
Rev
13:
5
And
there
was
given
unto
him
a
mouth
speaking
great
things
and
blasphemies;
and
power
was
given
unto
him
to
continue
forty
and
two
months.
This
period
of
"forty
and
two
months"
occurs
in
the
time
of
the
"seven
trumpets".
In
the
time
of
the
"seven
thunders"
we
find
that
"one
of
his
heads
as
it
were
wounded
to
death".
It
takes
a
little
time
for
this
"wound"
to
fester,
before
"his
deadly
wound
was
healed".
Rev
13:
6
And
he
opened
his
mouth
in
blasphemy
against
God,
to
blaspheme
his
name,
and
his
tabernacle,
and
them
that
dwell
in
heaven.
7
And
it
was
given
unto
him
to
make
war
with
the
saints,
and
to
overcome
them:
and
power
was
given
him
over
all
kindreds,
and
tongues,
and
nations.
8
And
all
that
dwell
upon
the
earth
shall
worship
him,
whose
names
are
not
written
in
the
book
of
life
of
the
Lamb
slain
from
the
foundation
of
the
world.
9
If
any
man
have
an
ear,
let
him
hear.
10
He
that
leadeth
into
captivity
shall
go
into
captivity:
he
that
killeth
with
the
sword
must
be
killed
with
the
sword.
Here
is
the
patience
and
the
faith
of
the
saints.
(KJV)
We
have
looked
at
this
"forty
and
two
months"
period
in
Daniel.
This
"forty
and
two
months"
period
occurs
in
the
2nd
half
of
the
week
of
years.
Dan
9:27
27
And
he
shall
confirm
the
covenant
with
many
for
one
week:
and
in
the
midst
of
the
week
he
shall
cause
the
sacrifice
and
the
oblation
to
cease,
and
for
the
overspreading
of
abominations
he
shall
make
it
desolate,
even
until
the
consummation,
and
that
determined
shall
be
poured
upon
the
desolate.
(KJV)
The
"forty
and
two
months"
period
is
then
followed
by
the
time
of
the
"seven
thunders".
And,
then
after
this,
the
"seven
vials"
begin
being
poured
out
upon
the
"beast"
and
all
who
have
it's
mark
in
their
foreheads
(minds)
when
the
fallen
angels
are
present
in
the
sight
of
flesh
man.
Rev
13:11-18
11
And
I
beheld
another
beast
coming
up
out
of
the
earth;
and
he
had
two
horns
like
a
lamb,
and
he
spake
as
a
dragon.
12
And
he
exerciseth
all
the
power
of
the
first
beast
before
him,
and
causeth
the
earth
and
them
which
dwell
therein
to
worship
the
first
beast,
whose
deadly
wound
was
healed.
This
"another
beast
coming
up
out
of
the
earth;
and
he
had
two
horns
like
a
lamb,
and
he
spake
as
a
dragon"
speaks
of
Satan's
government
which
must
be
established
in
the
sight
of
flesh
men
before
Satan,
disguised
as
"Jesus"
arrives.
Rev
13:
13
And
he
doeth
great
wonders,
so
that
he
maketh
fire
come
down
from
heaven
on
the
earth
in
the
sight
of
men,
14
And
deceiveth
them
that
dwell
on
the
earth
by
the
means
of
those
miracles
which
he
had
power
to
do
in
the
sight
of
the
beast;
saying
to
them
that
dwell
on
the
earth,
that
they
should
make
an
image
to
the
beast,
which
had
the
wound
by
a
sword,
and
did
live.
15
And
he
had
power
to
give
life
unto
the
image
of
the
beast,
that
the
image
of
the
beast
should
both
speak,
and
cause
that
as
many
as
would
not
worship
the
image
of
the
beast
should
be
killed.
16
And
he
causeth
all,
both
small
and
great,
rich
and
poor,
free
and
bond,
to
receive
a
mark
in
their
right
hand,
or
in
their
foreheads:
17
And
that
no
man
might
buy
or
sell,
save
he
that
had
the
mark,
or
the
name
of
the
beast,
or
the
number
of
his
name.
18
Here
is
wisdom.
Let
him
that
hath
understanding
count
the
number
of
the
beast:
for
it
is
the
number
of
a
man;
and
his
number
is
Six
hundred
threescore
and
six.
(KJV)
Rev
17:1-18
1
And
there
came
one
of
the
seven
angels
which
had
the
seven
vials,
and
talked
with
me,
saying
unto
me,
Come
hither;
I
will
shew
unto
thee
the
judgment
of
the
great
whore
that
sitteth
upon
many
waters:
2
With
whom
the
kings
of
the
earth
have
committed
fornication,
and
the
inhabitants
of
the
earth
have
been
made
drunk
with
the
wine
of
her
fornication.
3
So
he
carried
me
away
in
the
spirit
into
the
wilderness:
and
I
saw
a
woman
sit
upon
a
scarlet
coloured
beast,
full
of
names
of
blasphemy,
having
seven
heads
and
ten
horns.
4
And
the
woman
was
arrayed
in
purple
and
scarlet
colour,
and
decked
with
gold
and
precious
stones
and
pearls,
having
a
golden
cup
in
her
hand
full
of
abominations
and
filthiness
of
her
fornication:
5
And
upon
her
forehead
was
a
name
written,
MYSTERY,
BABYLON
THE
GREAT,
THE
MOTHER
OF
HARLOTS
AND
ABOMINATIONS
OF
THE
EARTH.
6
And
I
saw
the
woman
drunken
with
the
blood
of
the
saints,
and
with
the
blood
of
the
martyrs
of
Jesus:
and
when
I
saw
her,
I
wondered
with
great
admiration.
7
And
the
angel
said
unto
me,
Wherefore
didst
thou
marvel?
I
will
tell
thee
the
mystery
of
the
woman,
and
of
the
beast
that
carrieth
her,
which
hath
the
seven
heads
and
ten
horns.
8
The
beast
that
thou
sawest
was,
and
is
not;
and
shall
ascend
out
of
the
bottomless
pit,
and
go
into
perdition:
and
they
that
dwell
on
the
earth
shall
wonder,
whose
names
were
not
written
in
the
book
of
life
from
the
foundation
of
the
world,
when
they
behold
the
beast
that
was,
and
is
not,
and
yet
is.
9
And
here
is
the
mind
which
hath
wisdom.
The
seven
heads
are
seven
mountains,
on
which
the
woman
sitteth.
10
And
there
are
seven
kings:
five
are
fallen,
and
one
is,
and
the
other
is
not
yet
come;
and
when
he
cometh,
he
must
continue
a
short
space.
11
And
the
beast
that
was,
and
is
not,
even
he
is
the
eighth,
and
is
of
the
seven,
and
goeth
into
perdition.
12
And
the
ten
horns
which
thou
sawest
are
ten
kings,
which
have
received
no
kingdom
as
yet;
but
receive
power
as
kings
one
hour
with
the
beast.
13
These
have
one
mind,
and
shall
give
their
power
and
strength
unto
the
beast.
14
These
shall
make
war
with
the
Lamb,
and
the
Lamb
shall
overcome
them:
for
he
is
Lord
of
lords,
and
King
of
kings:
and
they
that
are
with
him
are
called,
and
chosen,
and
faithful.
15
And
he
saith
unto
me,
The
waters
which
thou
sawest,
where
the
whore
sitteth,
are
peoples,
and
multitudes,
and
nations,
and
tongues.
16
And
the
ten
horns
which
thou
sawest
upon
the
beast,
these
shall
hate
the
whore,
and
shall
make
her
desolate
and
naked,
and
shall
eat
her
flesh,
and
burn
her
with
fire.
17
For
God
hath
put
in
their
hearts
to
fulfil
his
will,
and
to
agree,
and
give
their
kingdom
unto
the
beast,
until
the
words
of
God
shall
be
fulfilled.
18
And
the
woman
which
thou
sawest
is
that
great
city,
which
reigneth
over
the
kings
of
the
earth.
(KJV)
"And
the
ten
horns
which
thou
sawest
are
ten
kings,
which
have
received
no
kingdom
as
yet;
but
receive
power
as
kings
one
hour
with
the
beast."
These
are
fallen
angels
disguised
as
great
kings
of
old.
They
are
the
"ten
toes"
which
gives
balance
to
this
top
heavy
"image".
These
fallen
angels
disguised
as
great
kings
of
old,
because
they
falsely
represent
themselves
as
the
ten
greatest
kings
which
have
lived
in
this
earth
age,
and
are
therefore
known
to
all
the
world
(having
been
written
of
in
history).
In
this
manner,
this
"image"
of
the
beast,
the
'one
world'
theocracy
which
the
fallen
angels
"set
up",
will
have
secured
some
credence
(although
faked)
with
all
the
different
people
of
this
last
generation.
We
can
see
these
"ten
toes"
upon
the
beast
which
was
spoken
of
in
Daniel.
Dan
2:31-45
31
Thou,
O
king,
sawest,
and
behold
a
great
image.
This
great
image,
whose
brightness
was
excellent,
stood
before
thee;
and
the
form
thereof
was
terrible.
32
This
image's
head
was
of
fine
gold,
his
breast
and
his
arms
of
silver,
his
belly
and
his
thighs
of
brass,
33
His
legs
of
iron,
his
feet
part
of
iron
and
part
of
clay.
34
Thou
sawest
till
that
a
stone
was
cut
out
without
hands,
which
smote
the
image
upon
his
feet
that
were
of
iron
and
clay,
and
brake
them
to
pieces.
35
Then
was
the
iron,
the
clay,
the
brass,
the
silver,
and
the
gold,
broken
to
pieces
together,
and
became
like
the
chaff
of
the
summer
threshingfloors;
and
the
wind
carried
them
away,
that
no
place
was
found
for
them:
and
the
stone
that
smote
the
image
became
a
great
mountain,
and
filled
the
whole
earth.
36
This
is
the
dream;
and
we
will
tell
the
interpretation
thereof
before
the
king.
37
Thou,
O
king,
art
a
king
of
kings:
for
the
God
of
heaven
hath
given
thee
a
kingdom,
power,
and
strength,
and
glory.
38
And
wheresoever
the
children
of
men
dwell,
the
beasts
of
the
field
and
the
fowls
of
the
heaven
hath
he
given
into
thine
hand,
and
hath
made
thee
ruler
over
them
all.
Thou
art
this
head
of
gold.
39
And
after
thee
shall
arise
another
kingdom
inferior
to
thee,
and
another
third
kingdom
of
brass,
which
shall
bear
rule
over
all
the
earth.
40
And
the
fourth
kingdom
shall
be
strong
as
iron:
forasmuch
as
iron
breaketh
in
pieces
and
subdueth
all
things:
and
as
iron
that
breaketh
all
these,
shall
it
break
in
pieces
and
bruise.
41
And
whereas
thou
sawest
the
feet
and
toes,
part
of
potters'
clay,
and
part
of
iron,
the
kingdom
shall
be
divided;
but
there
shall
be
in
it
of
the
strength
of
the
iron,
forasmuch
as
thou
sawest
the
iron
mixed
with
miry
clay.
42
And
as
the
toes
of
the
feet
were
part
of
iron,
and
part
of
clay,
so
the
kingdom
shall
be
partly
strong,
and
partly
broken.
43
And
whereas
thou
sawest
iron
mixed
with
miry
clay,
they
shall
mingle
themselves
with
the
seed
of
men:
but
they
shall
not
cleave
one
to
another,
even
as
iron
is
not
mixed
with
clay.
44
And
in
the
days
of
these
kings
shall
the
God
of
heaven
set
up
a
kingdom,
which
shall
never
be
destroyed:
and
the
kingdom
shall
not
be
left
to
other
people,
but
it
shall
break
in
pieces
and
consume
all
these
kingdoms,
and
it
shall
stand
for
ever.
45
Forasmuch
as
thou
sawest
that
the
stone
was
cut
out
of
the
mountain
without
hands,
and
that
it
brake
in
pieces
the
iron,
the
brass,
the
clay,
the
silver,
and
the
gold;
the
great
God
hath
made
known
to
the
king
what
shall
come
to
pass
hereafter:
and
the
dream
is
certain,
and
the
interpretation
thereof
sure.
(KJV)
When
we
read
of
"iron",
please
understand
this
speaks
of
Satan,
and
anything
which
is
related
to
Satan.
These
"toes
of
the
feet
were
part
of
iron,
and
part
of
clay"
speaks
of
the
ten
fallen
angels
("iron"),
and
the
people
("clay")
in
the
earth
which
cling
to
them.
Without
the
people
of
the
earth
upholding
this
beast,
it
could
not
stand.
Rev
17:
9
And
here
is
the
mind
which
hath
wisdom.
The
seven
heads
are
seven
mountains,
on
which
the
woman
sitteth.
10
And
there
are
seven
kings:
five
are
fallen,
and
one
is,
and
the
other
is
not
yet
come;
and
when
he
cometh,
he
must
continue
a
short
space.
11
And
the
beast
that
was,
and
is
not,
even
he
is
the
eighth,
and
is
of
the
seven,
and
goeth
into
perdition.
12
And
the
ten
horns
which
thou
sawest
are
ten
kings,
which
have
received
no
kingdom
as
yet;
but
receive
power
as
kings
one
hour
with
the
beast.
13
These
have
one
mind,
and
shall
give
their
power
and
strength
unto
the
beast.
14
These
shall
make
war
with
the
Lamb,
and
the
Lamb
shall
overcome
them:
for
he
is
Lord
of
lords,
and
King
of
kings:
and
they
that
are
with
him
are
called,
and
chosen,
and
faithful.
15
And
he
saith
unto
me,
The
waters
which
thou
sawest,
where
the
whore
sitteth,
are
peoples,
and
multitudes,
and
nations,
and
tongues.
16
And
the
ten
horns
which
thou
sawest
upon
the
beast,
these
shall
hate
the
whore,
and
shall
make
her
desolate
and
naked,
and
shall
eat
her
flesh,
and
burn
her
with
fire.
17
For
God
hath
put
in
their
hearts
to
fulfil
his
will,
and
to
agree,
and
give
their
kingdom
unto
the
beast,
until
the
words
of
God
shall
be
fulfilled.
18
And
the
woman
which
thou
sawest
is
that
great
city,
which
reigneth
over
the
kings
of
the
earth.
These
are
the
kingdoms
which
have
had
dominion
over
Jerusalem.
Let
me
repeat
this
for
emphasis:
"the
kingdoms
which
have
had
dominion
over
Jerusalem".
These
are
those
who
are
in
the
past,
"five
are
fallen".
1.
Babylon
(represented
by
the
'lion'
)
2.
Medio-Persia
(Media
is
represented
by
the
'bear',
and
Persia
by
the
'leopard')
3.
Greece
(represented
by
'a
dreadful
and
terrible
beast')
4.
Rome
(represented
by
the
power
of
the
'political
beast')
5.
Mohammedans
(from
636
A.D.
until
1948)
(represented
by
the
power
of
the
'religious
beast')
This
is
now,
"one
is".
6.
Good
and
Bad
Figs
This
is
the
current
government/kingdom
over
Jerusalem
("and
one
is")
This
is
"the
other
is
not
yet
come".
7.
Satan's,
the
spurious
'Jesus'
government
And,
this
is
Satan's
government/kingdom
which
is
prophesied
to
come
("and
the
other
is
not
yet
come;
and
when
he
cometh,
he
must
continue
a
short
space.")
As
we
began
in
this
study,
we
were
shown
"four
great
beasts
came
up
from
the
sea,
diverse
one
from
another".
Dan
7:2-28
2
Daniel
spake
and
said,
I
saw
in
my
vision
by
night,
and,
behold,
the
four
winds
of
the
heaven
strove
upon
the
great
sea.
3
And
four
great
beasts
came
up
from
the
sea,
diverse
one
from
another.
4
The
first
was
like
a
lion,
and
had
eagle's
wings:
I
beheld
till
the
wings
thereof
were
plucked,
and
it
was
lifted
up
from
the
earth,
and
made
stand
upon
the
feet
as
a
man,
and
a
man's
heart
was
given
to
it.
5
And
behold
another
beast,
a
second,
like
to
a
bear,
and
it
raised
up
itself
on
one
side,
and
it
had
three
ribs
in
the
mouth
of
it
between
the
teeth
of
it:
and
they
said
thus
unto
it,
Arise,
devour
much
flesh.
6
After
this
I
beheld,
and
lo
another,
like
a
leopard,
which
had
upon
the
back
of
it
four
wings
of
a
fowl;
the
beast
had
also
four
heads;
and
dominion
was
given
to
it.
7
After
this
I
saw
in
the
night
visions,
and
behold
a
fourth
beast,
dreadful
and
terrible,
and
strong
exceedingly;
and
it
had
great
iron
teeth:
it
devoured
and
brake
in
pieces,
and
stamped
the
residue
with
the
feet
of
it:
and
it
was
diverse
from
all
the
beasts
that
were
before
it;
and
it
had
ten
horns.
8
I
considered
the
horns,
and,
behold,
there
came
up
among
them
another
little
horn,
before
whom
there
were
three
of
the
first
horns
plucked
up
by
the
roots:
and,
behold,
in
this
horn
were
eyes
like
the
eyes
of
man,
and
a
mouth
speaking
great
things.
Daniel
does
not
tell
us
only
of
the
"four
great
beasts
came
up
from
the
sea,
diverse
one
from
another",
but
makes
a
point
of
telling
us
how
this
"fourth
kingdom"
was
altered
from
being
only
of
earthly
flesh
men
to
having
"another
little
horn"
(Satan's
government
of
fallen
angels,
and
then
Satan
disguised
as
'Jesus').
Now,
in
order
to
look
at
these
"four
great
beasts"
we
must
look
to
the
greatest
"kingdoms"
which
have
shaped
the
world.
These
are
not
exactly
as
the
same
as
"the
kingdoms
which
have
had
dominion
over
Jerusalem",
but
refer
to
the
four
greatest
rules/dominions
of
man
which
have
been
in
this
earth
age.
The
first
great
kingdom
of
the
"four
great
beasts"
was
Egypt.
Egypt
[EE
jipt]--
the
country
in
the
northeast
corner
of
Africa
that
extended
from
the
Mediterranean
Sea
on
the
north
to
the
first
waterfall
on
the
Nile
River
in
the
south
(see
Map
9,
A-5)--
a
distance
of
about
880
kilometers
(540
miles).
The
Israelites
spent
430
years
in
this
land
<Ex.
12:40>
between
the
time
of
Joseph
and
Moses.
Jesus
lived
temporarily
in
Egypt
during
His
infancy
<Matt.
2:13-15>.
The
Egyptians
called
their
country
Tawy,
"the
two
lands"--
referring
to
Upper
and
Lower
Egypt-or
Kemyt,
"the
black
land,"
which
distinguished
the
fertile
Nile
valley
from
the
red
desert
sand.
In
the
Bible
the
word
for
Egypt
is
Mizraim,
which
is
the
name
of
one
of
the
sons
of
Ham
who
founded
the
country
<Gen.
10:6;
1
Chr.
1:8>.
History
of
Egypt.
Information
about
Egyptian
history
is
found
in
the
Bible,
Egyptian
and
Greek
historical
books,
various
Egyptian
papyrus
documents
and
stone
writings,
and
facts
from
archaeological
investigations
of
ancient
Egyptian
cities,
temples,
and
graves.
One
of
the
most
helpful
chronological
surveys
of
the
Egyptian
kings
was
provided
by
the
Egyptian
priest
Manetho.
He
divided
the
kings
of
Egypt
into
30
different
dynastic
families
who
ruled
from
3000-300
B.
C.
Some
of
these
dynasties
were
strong,
while
others
were
comparatively
weak.
The
history
of
Egypt
can
be
simplified
by
ordering
these
dynasties
into
three
main
periods
of
strength:
the
Old
Kingdom
(2700-2200
B.
C.);
the
Middle
Kingdom
(2000-1800
B.
C.);
and
the
New
Kingdom
(1570-1100
B.
C.).
Each
of
these
kingdoms
was
followed
by
a
period
of
weakness.
After
the
New
Kingdom,
Egypt
was
dominated
by
Libyan,
Ethiopian,
Persian,
Greek
and
finally
Roman
powers
during
New
Testament
times.
The
dates
for
these
periods
and
the
length
of
the
reigns
of
each
king
is
not
securely
fixed.
But
Egyptologists
have
been
able
to
reconstruct
a
fairly
accurate
chronology
by
using
evidence
from
many
different
sources.
Archaeologists
have
found
a
number
of
small
villages
that
date
prior
to
the
beginning
of
the
Old
Kingdom
period
of
Egyptian
history.
These
primitive
hunting
and
farming
communities
were
the
descendants
of
Mizraim,
the
son
of
Ham
<Gen.
10:6>.
Metal
objects,
tools,
pottery,
jewelry
and
religious
objects
were
found
in
these
early
graves.
Trade
with
Mesopotamia
may
have
been
an
important
factor
in
the
development
of
a
written
Egyptian
language,
which
used
pictures
in
a
system
known
as
HIEROGLYPHICS.
Around
3000
B.
C.,
some
1000
years
before
Abraham,
all
of
Egypt
was
joined
together
under
one
king
at
Memphis.
The
land
was
divided
into
districts
called
"nomes."
Irrigation
and
the
plow
were
introduced
to
increase
the
nation's
agricultural
productivity.
Shortly
thereafter,
the
Old
Kingdom
period
of
Egypt's
history
began.
During
this
era,
the
famous
pyramids
of
Egypt
were
built.
Djoser's
step
pyramid
at
Saqqara
and
the
three
great
pyramids
at
Giza
are
a
testimony
to
the
power
and
prosperity
of
the
nation,
as
well
as
evidence
of
the
people's
belief
in
the
divine
character
of
the
PHARAOH,
the
Egyptian
ruler.
Several
pyramids
have
long
series
of
curses,
magical
spells,
and
ritual
formulas
written
on
the
walls
of
the
burial
chambers.
These
were
to
be
used
by
the
dead
Pharaoh
for
protection
on
his
journey
to
the
afterlife.
Large
open-air
temples
where
various
rituals
in
honor
of
the
king
were
performed
were
built
beside
the
pyramids.
The
arts
of
painting,
sculpturing,
and
architecture
excelled
in
Egypt.
One
group
of
texts
known
as
the
"Memphite
Theology"
probably
date
back
to
this
era.
They
describe
how
the
god
Ptah
spoke
and
created
all
things,
indicating
that
the
Pharaoh
was
considered
divine.
Wisdom
writings
from
Imhotep
and
Ptahhotep
reveal
something
of
the
moral
values
and
ideals
of
the
nation
and
the
high
literary
achievements
of
the
educated
classes.
As
the
government
of
Egypt
expanded,
noblemen
from
various
parts
of
the
nation
began
to
gain
greater
power.
This
led
to
a
decentralization
of
power
and
ultimately
to
the
first
intermediate
period
of
weakness
around
2200
B.
C.
This
time
was
described
as
an
epic
of
chaos,
instability,
poverty,
and
despair.
Two
texts
from
this
period
describe
man's
disillusionment
with
life.
Another
expresses
a
strong
desire
for
social
stability
and
justice.
These
events
led
to
a
rethinking
of
man's
ideals.
As
a
result,
the
highly
structured
social
order
was
re-evaluated
and
social
justice
for
even
the
peasant
was
proclaimed
as
important.
The
possibility
of
life
after
death,
which
had
been
limited
to
the
kings,
became
the
goal
of
noblemen
as
they
rose
to
higher
power.
Ultimately
even
the
common
person
pursued
this
hope.
The
Middle
Kingdom
era
of
Egypt's
history
(2000-1800
B.
C.)
parallels
the
time
of
Abraham's
journey
into
Egypt
<Gen.
12:10-20>.
Wisdom
texts,
one
supposed
prophecy,
and
stories
about
fishing
and
hunting
depict
life
at
this
time.
During
this
era,
the
new
kings
centralized
the
government,
expanded
agricultural
production
through
new
irrigation
projects,
established
the
security
of
the
nation
by
defeating
the
Nubians
from
Cush,
and
set
up
a
series
of
defensive
fortresses
on
the
southern
and
western
borders.
Trade
with
Phoenicia,
mining
in
the
Sinai
desert
and
at
least
one
military
raid
into
Palestine
to
Shechem
indicate
that
Egypt
had
close
relationships
with
Palestine
when
the
patriarchs
such
as
Abraham
and
his
descendants
first
came
to
the
land.
The
"Story
of
Sinuhe"
describes
an
Egyptian's
trip
to
Palestine
and
the
fertility
of
the
land.
A
painting
in
a
tomb
from
this
period
shows
37
men
from
Canaan
who
traveled
to
settle
in
Egypt.
Texts
containing
magical
curses
(the
Execretion
Texts)
on
Egypt's
enemies
contains
the
names
of
the
kings
of
Tyre,
Beth-Shemesh
and
Jerusalem.
These
indicate
that
Egypt's
stability
was
weakening
and
that
the
second
intermediate
period
of
weakness
(1750-1570
B.
C.)
was
about
to
begin.
During
this
time
of
weakness,
many
non-Egyptians
entered
the
country.
A
group
called
the
Hyksos
("ruler
from
a
foreign
land")
took
control
of
the
nation.
Joseph's
rise
to
an
important
position
in
the
house
of
Potiphar
<Genesis
39>
and
his
appointment
to
the
task
of
collecting
grain
during
the
years
of
plenty
<Genesis
41>
were
possible
because
other
foreigners
had
significant
places
in
the
Hyksos
government.
Some
scholars
once
thought
the
Hyksos
were
the
children
of
Israel,
but
few
accept
this
view
today.
The
Hyksos
used
the
bow,
body
armor,
the
horse
and
chariot,
and
a
new
defensive
wall
system
for
Egyptian
cities.
But
in
spite
of
their
military
power,
they
were
driven
out
of
Egypt
when
the
New
Kingdom
began.
The
New
Kingdom
period
(1575-1100
B.
C.)
parallels
the
biblical
period
just
before
the
birth
of
Moses
until
the
time
of
Samuel.
The
New
Kingdom
began
when
the
Egyptians
managed
to
drive
out
the
Hyksos
and
reunite
Egypt.
This
new
dynasty
was
made
of
kings
"who
did
not
know
Joseph"
<Ex.
1:8>.
They
began
to
persecute
the
Hebrews,
forcing
them
to
build
the
cities
of
Pithom
and
Rameses
<Ex.
1:11>.
The
Hebrews
were
seen
as
foreigners
who
were
a
threat
to
the
security
of
the
nation
<Ex.
1:10>,
so
they
were
enslaved.
The
powerful
Queen
Hathshepsut
carried
out
many
building
and
reconstruction
projects
and
expanded
trade
relations
with
several
foreign
countries.
The
next
king
was
an
aggressive
warrior,
and
he
conducted
several
campaigns
into
Palestine.
Many
believe
his
son,
Amenhotep
II,
was
the
Pharaoh
of
the
Exodus.
Egyptian
texts
do
not
mention
the
ten
plagues,
the
Exodus
of
the
children
of
Israel
from
Egypt,
or
the
defeat
of
Pharaoh
and
his
army
in
the
Red
Sea
<Exodus
7--15>.
But
this
would
hardly
be
expected
since
the
Egyptians
seldom
recorded
any
of
their
defeats.
Before
the
Exodus,
Egypt
was
at
the
height
of
its
power;
but
God
humbled
the
nation
and
taught
its
people
that
He
was
God--
not
Pharaoh
or
any
of
the
other
gods
of
Egypt
<Ex.
7:5;
8:10,22;
9:14,29;
10:2;
12:12>.
Many
interesting
stories
come
from
this
period
of
Egyptian
history.
"The
Tale
of
Two
Brothers"
describes
how
the
wife
of
one
brother
lied
about
the
sexual
advances
of
the
other
brother.
This
story
is
similar
to
the
false
accusation
of
Potiphar's
wife
against
Joseph.
Myths
about
the
struggles
between
the
gods
Horus
and
Seth
and
the
wisdom
"Instructions
of
Amenemopet,"
which
are
in
some
ways
similar
to
the
book
of
Proverbs,
are
a
few
of
the
important
literary
compositions
from
Egypt
during
these
years.
No
one
knows
how
the
Exodus
affected
Egypt's
religious
beliefs.
But
several
years
later
in
the
middle
of
the
New
Kingdom,
King
Akhenaten
rejected
the
worship
of
Amon
at
Thebes
and
proclaimed
that
Aten,
the
solar
disk
of
the
sun,
was
the
only
god.
A
beautiful
hymn
of
praise
to
Aten
has
been
discovered.
This
shows
clearly
that
Akhenaten
was
pushing
the
Egyptians
to
adopt
belief
in
one
god.
Religious
tension
was
very
high
because
Akhenaten
dismissed
the
priests
at
the
other
temples
and
moved
his
capital
to
El-Amarna.
About
350
letters
from
Babylon,
the
Hittites,
and
many
cities
in
Palestine
were
found
at
this
capital.
These
letters
reveal
that
Palestine
was
under
a
great
deal
of
political
unrest
during
the
time
of
Joshua
and
the
judges.
A
few
years
later
the
famous
King
Tut
(Tutankhamen),
whose
burial
chambers
were
found
near
Thebes,
ruled
for
a
few
years.
He
brought
the
nation
back
to
the
worship
of
its
traditional
gods
at
Thebes,
relieving
much
of
the
tension
within
the
nation.
During
the
final
200
years
of
the
New
Kingdom,
the
capital
of
Egypt
was
moved
from
Thebes
to
the
city
of
RAMESES
in
the
delta
area.
Large
construction
projects
at
Thebes,
Abydos,
Abu
Simbel,
and
in
the
delta
stand
as
a
memorial
to
the
greatness
and
power
of
these
kings.
Some
believe
the
Exodus
took
place
during
the
reign
of
Rameses
(1304-1238
B.
C.),
but
this
contradicts
the
statement
of
the
Bible
that
the
Exodus
took
place
480
years
before
Solomon
began
to
build
the
temple
in
955
B.
C.
(966
plus
480
equals
1446
B.
C.
for
the
Exodus).
One
king,
Merneptah,
described
his
defeat
of
several
Canaanite
countries
and
actually
mentions
his
defeat
of
Israel.
There
is
a
wealth
of
historical,
literary,
and
religious
writings
from
the
New
Kingdom
period
of
Egyptian
history.
Papyri,
ostraca,
and
tomb
and
temple
accounts
give
a
graphic
picture
of
Egyptian
life.
A
primitive
alphabetic
script
was
discovered
on
the
rocks
in
the
Egyptian
mines
in
the
Sinai
desert.
The
New
Kingdom
ended
because
of
government
corruption,
strikes,
inflation,
and
the
increasing
power
of
the
temple
priests,
who
constantly
contended
for
greater
advantage.
After
the
New
Kingdom
came
the
Late
Period
of
Egyptian
history
(1100-330
B.
C.).
The
fragmentation
of
Egyptian
power
allowed
David
and
Solomon
to
establish
Israel
as
a
strong
nation.
The
Egyptian
story
of
Wen-Amon's
trip
to
Byblos
to
secure
cedar
for
the
construction
of
a
ship
for
the
Pharaoh
tells
how
he
was
robbed
and
then
refused
the
needed
lumber
until
proper
payment
could
be
made.
Such
incidents
clearly
indicate
the
low
status
of
Egypt
during
this
time.
The
nation
was
not
a
strong
military
power;
so
more
emphasis
was
placed
on
trying
to
form
peaceful
trade
relations
with
neighboring
states.
Solomon
married
the
daughter
of
an
Egyptian
Pharaoh
<1
Kin.
3:1>,
but
later
in
his
reign
a
new
king
(probably
Shishak)
provided
refuge
for
two
of
Solomon's
enemies
<1
Kin
11:17,40>.
A
few
years
after
Solomon's
death
(930
B.
C.),
Shishak,
a
Libyan
who
had
become
Pharaoh,
attacked
Rehoboam,
and
plundered
the
gold
from
the
king's
palace
and
the
temple
in
Jerusalem
<1
Kin.
14:25-28>.
A
monument
of
Shishak
was
discovered
by
archaeologists
during
their
excavation
of
Megiddo.
His
record
of
this
battle
on
the
walls
of
a
temple
at
Thebes
indicates
that
he
defeated
150
towns
in
Judah
and
Israel.
Later
Zerah,
an
Ethiopian
general
or
Pharaoh
<2
Chr.
14:9-15;
16:8>,
led
an
Egyptian
army
against
Asa,
king
of
Judah;
but
God
miraculously
gave
victory
to
Asa.
Ethiopian
and
Saite
dynasties
controlled
Egypt
for
several
hundred
years
until
the
destruction
of
Israel
by
the
Babylonian
King,
Nebuchadnezzar,
in
587
B.
C.
These
Pharaohs
were
not
particularly
powerful
because
of
the
political
supremacy
of
the
Assyrians
and
the
Babylonians.
The
Israelite
king
Hoshea
sought
the
help
of
Pharaoh
So
around
725
B.
C.
<2
Kin.
17:4>
to
fight
against
the
Assyrians,
but
the
Egyptians
were
of
little
value.
Around
701
B.
C.
Hezekiah
was
attacked
by
the
Assyrian
king
Sennacherib.
Tirhakah,
the
Ethiopian
king
of
Egypt,
came
to
Hezekiah's
aid
<2
Kin.
19:9;
Is.
37:9>.
The
Assyrians
themselves
marched
into
Egypt
in
671
and
664
B.
C.,
destroying
the
Egyptian
forces
as
far
south
as
Thebes.
To
strengthen
the
Egyptian
army,
the
nation
hired
Greek
mercenaries
to
fight
in
their
army;
but
this
still
did
not
give
them
any
great
strength.
Josiah,
king
of
Israel,
was
killed
by
the
Egyptian
Pharaoh
Necho
in
609
B.
C.
because
Josiah
tried
to
interfere
with
the
Egyptian
efforts
to
help
the
Assyrians
who
were
under
attack
by
the
Babylonians
<2
Kin.
23:29>.
After
Josiah's
death,
Judah
came
under
the
control
of
Egypt;
but
in
605
B.
C.
the
Egyptians
were
crushed
by
the
Babylonians.
Many
Jews
fled
to
Egypt
after
the
destruction
of
Jerusalem,
although
the
prophet
Jeremiah
warned
against
it
<Jeremiah
39--44>.
Nebuchadnezzar
later
defeated
Egypt
<Jer.
46:13>;
he
was
followed
by
the
Persians
(525
B.
C.)
and
the
Greeks
(330
B.
C.).
After
330
B.
C.
a
group
of
Ptolemaic
kings
ruled
Egypt,
developing
the
great
city
of
Alexandria
as
a
center
of
culture
and
learning.
Many
Jews
lived
in
Alexandria
during
this
period.
The
Greek
translation
of
the
Old
Testament
from
Hebrew
to
Greek
was
completed
during
this
time
so
the
Greek-speaking
Jews
would
have
a
Bible
in
their
language.
The
Romans
took
control
of
Egypt
around
30
B.
C.
From
the
second
century
A.
D.
until
the
Muslim
conquest
of
Egypt
in
642
A.
D.,
Egypt
was
primarily
a
Christian
nation.
The
Religion
of
Egypt.
The
Egyptians
were
polytheists,
believing
in
many
gods.
Many
of
these
gods
were
the
personification
of
nature,
such
as
the
Nile,
the
sun
and
the
earth.
But
other
gods
stood
for
abstract
concepts
such
as
wisdom,
justice,
and
order.
Some
gods
were
worshiped
on
a
national
level,
but
others
were
local
deities.
Many
cities
had
their
favorite
deity,
which
was
the
patron
god
of
that
locality
(Ptah
at
Memphis
or
Amon
at
Thebes).
But
the
cosmic
gods
like
Nut
(the
goddess
of
the
sky),
Geb
(the
god
of
the
earth),
and
Re
(the
sun
god),
were
known
throughout
the
nation.
The
beliefs
and
practices
of
the
Egyptians
changed
over
their
3000-year
history.
Thus,
any
discussion
of
the
Egyptian
religion
must
involve
generalizations
that
permeated
most
aspects
of
religious
life,
as
well
as
the
individual
details
and
variations
that
changed
within
the
nation's
complex
history.
One
of
the
most
confusing
aspects
of
Egyptian
religion
was
its
ability
to
accept
the
process
of
syncretism.
Through
this
process
one
god
would
take
on
the
characteristics
of
another
god
and
thus
eliminate
its
distinctiveness.
Another
aspect
of
Egyptian
religion,
which
is
largely
hidden,
is
the
extent
to
which
the
official
beliefs
of
the
priests
differed
from
those
of
the
common
peasants.
Since
most
information
is
based
on
the
official
records
kept
in
temples
and
the
tombs
of
the
kings,
it
is
likely
that
these
do
not
represent
the
beliefs
of
the
poorer
people.
The
Egyptians
believed
that
the
gods
were
intimately
involved
with
all
aspects
of
life.
The
gods
caused
the
rain,
controlled
the
growth
of
crops,
determined
birth
and
death,
and
ultimately
were
behind
everything.
Nothing
happened
by
chance.
They
did
not
give
natural
explanations
to
events,
because
they
made
no
distinction
between
the
secular
and
the
sacred.
The
Israelites
also
believed
that
God
was
the
force
behind
everything,
but
they
had
only
one
God
who
was
not
identified
with
any
part
of
nature.
The
Egyptians
confused
the
Creator
with
His
creation.
Many
of
these
nature
deities
were
represented
as
animals
(bull,
crocodile,
falcon,
ram,
jackal)
or
by
a
part-human
and
part-animal
statue.
These
gods
were
worshiped
in
temples
throughout
the
land.
Huge
temples
that
covered
many
acres
were
built
for
the
great
cosmic
gods.
These
were
cared
for
by
a
large
company
of
priests.
The
priests
were
responsible
for
the
regular
festivals
at
the
temples
and
for
the
daily
care
for
the
gods.
Since
each
god
was
the
king
of
its
own
realm
of
influence,
it
was
treated
as
a
king
in
its
temple.
The
deity
would
be
awakened,
washed,
dressed,
fed
(by
an
offering),
taken
for
walks,
and
put
to
bed.
These
practices
were
totally
opposite
the
activities
in
the
Israelite
Temple,
where
God
was
separated
from
the
priest
in
the
Holy
of
Holies.
God
was
considered
the
King
of
Israel
and
the
head
of
the
nation,
but
the
sacrifices
were
for
the
removal
of
man's
sin-not
to
provide
food
for
God.
The
Pharaoh
himself
was
one
of
the
most
important
Egyptian
gods.
While
ruling,
he
was
the
incarnation
of
the
god
Horus
and
the
son
of
Re.
After
his
death,
he
was
identified
with
the
god
Osiris.
The
Pharaoh
was
a
mediator
between
the
people
and
the
cosmic
gods
of
the
universe.
Thus
the
Pharaoh
was
a
key
factor
in
determining
the
fate
of
the
nation.
Israel's
kings
were
never
considered
gods,
because
God
was
the
true
King
of
Israel
<1
Sam.
8:7>.
Originally
only
the
Egyptian
kings
had
the
possibility
of
eternal
life
after
death,
but
later
this
hope
was
opened
to
all
people.
This
possibility
was
dependent
on
one's
character
in
this
life.
The
worship
of
Osiris
was
one
of
the
most
important
aspects
of
Egyptian
religion.
Osiris
was
the
king
of
the
underworld,
where
people
went
after
death,
as
well
as
the
god
of
fertility.
An
Egyptian
myth
about
the
murder
of
Osiris
by
the
god
Seth
and
the
subsequent
avenging
of
his
death
by
Horus
was
very
popular
in
Egypt.
It
provided
the
basis
for
people's
hope
for
prosperity
and
immortality
in
the
next
life
because
of
fertility
in
this
life.
Before
the
rise
of
the
cult
of
Osiris,
the
worship
of
Ptah
at
Memphis
was
dominant.
The
"Memphite
Theology"
claimed
that
Ptah
was
the
supreme
god
of
Egypt
who
created
the
world
and
man.
The
god
Amon
came
to
prominence
when
the
kings
from
Thebes
came
to
power
and
the
god
Aten
received
special
attention
during
the
reign
of
the
Pharaoh
Akhenaten.
Thus
the
significance
and
honor
of
the
Egyptian
gods
rose
and
fell
according
to
the
religious
convictions
of
the
ruling
Pharaoh
and
the
political
power
of
the
priests
at
the
various
temples.
In
the
New
Kingdom
period
three
gods
were
given
special
status:
Amon,
Re,
and
Ptah.
One
text
even
talks
about
these
three
as
different
aspects
of
one
great
Egyptian
god.
It
is
astonishing
how
religious
the
Egyptians
were
and
how
close
some
of
their
beliefs
came
to
the
truth.
But
there
is
no
sign
that
their
contact
with
Moses
and
the
children
of
Israel
had
a
lasting
effect
on
the
religious
beliefs
or
practices
within
Egypt.
(from
Nelson's
Illustrated
Bible
Dictionary)
(Copyright
(C)
1986,
Thomas
Nelson
Publishers)
Ezek
29:18-21
18
Son
of
man,
Nebuchadrezzar
king
of
Babylon
caused
his
army
to
serve
a
great
service
against
Tyrus:
every
head
was
made
bald,
and
every
shoulder
was
peeled:
yet
had
he
no
wages,
nor
his
army,
for
Tyrus,
for
the
service
that
he
had
served
against
it:
19
Therefore
thus
saith
the
Lord
GOD;
Behold,
I
will
give
the
land
of
Egypt
unto
Nebuchadrezzar
king
of
Babylon;
and
he
shall
take
her
multitude,
and
take
her
spoil,
and
take
her
prey;
and
it
shall
be
the
wages
for
his
army.
20
I
have
given
him
the
land
of
Egypt
for
his
labour
wherewith
he
served
against
it,
because
they
wrought
for
me,
saith
the
Lord
GOD.
21
In
that
day
will
I
cause
the
horn
of
the
house
of
Israel
to
bud
forth,
and
I
will
give
thee
the
opening
of
the
mouth
in
the
midst
of
them;
and
they
shall
know
that
I
am
the
LORD.
(KJV)
Ezek
30:1-26
1
The
word
of
the
LORD
came
again
unto
me,
saying,
2
Son
of
man,
prophesy
and
say,
Thus
saith
the
Lord
GOD;
Howl
ye,
Woe
worth
the
day!
3
For
the
day
is
near,
even
the
day
of
the
LORD
is
near,
a
cloudy
day;
it
shall
be
the
time
of
the
heathen.
4
And
the
sword
shall
come
upon
Egypt,
and
great
pain
shall
be
in
Ethiopia,
when
the
slain
shall
fall
in
Egypt,
and
they
shall
take
away
her
multitude,
and
her
foundations
shall
be
broken
down.
5
Ethiopia,
and
Libya,
and
Lydia,
and
all
the
mingled
people,
and
Chub,
and
the
men
of
the
land
that
is
in
league,
shall
fall
with
them
by
the
sword.
6
Thus
saith
the
LORD;
They
also
that
uphold
Egypt
shall
fall;
and
the
pride
of
her
power
shall
come
down:
from
the
tower
of
Syene
shall
they
fall
in
it
by
the
sword,
saith
the
Lord
GOD.
7
And
they
shall
be
desolate
in
the
midst
of
the
countries
that
are
desolate,
and
her
cities
shall
be
in
the
midst
of
the
cities
that
are
wasted.
8
And
they
shall
know
that
I
am
the
LORD,
when
I
have
set
a
fire
in
Egypt,
and
when
all
her
helpers
shall
be
destroyed.
9
In
that
day
shall
messengers
go
forth
from
me
in
ships
to
make
the
careless
Ethiopians
afraid,
and
great
pain
shall
come
upon
them,
as
in
the
day
of
Egypt:
for,
lo,
it
cometh.
10
Thus
saith
the
Lord
GOD;
I
will
also
make
the
multitude
of
Egypt
to
cease
by
the
hand
of
Nebuchadrezzar
king
of
Babylon.
11
He
and
his
people
with
him,
the
terrible
of
the
nations,
shall
be
brought
to
destroy
the
land:
and
they
shall
draw
their
swords
against
Egypt,
and
fill
the
land
with
the
slain.
12
And
I
will
make
the
rivers
dry,
and
sell
the
land
into
the
hand
of
the
wicked:
and
I
will
make
the
land
waste,
and
all
that
is
therein,
by
the
hand
of
strangers:
I
the
LORD
have
spoken
it.
13
Thus
saith
the
Lord
GOD;
I
will
also
destroy
the
idols,
and
I
will
cause
their
images
to
cease
out
of
Noph;
and
there
shall
be
no
more
a
prince
of
the
land
of
Egypt:
and
I
will
put
a
fear
in
the
land
of
Egypt.
14
And
I
will
make
Pathros
desolate,
and
will
set
fire
in
Zoan,
and
will
execute
judgments
in
No.
15
And
I
will
pour
my
fury
upon
Sin,
the
strength
of
Egypt;
and
I
will
cut
off
the
multitude
of
No.
16
And
I
will
set
fire
in
Egypt:
Sin
shall
have
great
pain,
and
No
shall
be
rent
asunder,
and
Noph
shall
have
distresses
daily.
17
The
young
men
of
Aven
and
of
Pibeseth
shall
fall
by
the
sword:
and
these
cities
shall
go
into
captivity.
18
At
Tehaphnehes
also
the
day
shall
be
darkened,
when
I
shall
break
there
the
yokes
of
Egypt:
and
the
pomp
of
her
strength
shall
cease
in
her:
as
for
her,
a
cloud
shall
cover
her,
and
her
daughters
shall
go
into
captivity.
19
Thus
will
I
execute
judgments
in
Egypt:
and
they
shall
know
that
I
am
the
LORD.
20
And
it
came
to
pass
in
the
eleventh
year,
in
the
first
month,
in
the
seventh
day
of
the
month,
that
the
word
of
the
LORD
came
unto
me,
saying,
21
Son
of
man,
I
have
broken
the
arm
of
Pharaoh
king
of
Egypt;
and,
lo,
it
shall
not
be
bound
up
to
be
healed,
to
put
a
roller
to
bind
it,
to
make
it
strong
to
hold
the
sword.
22
Therefore
thus
saith
the
Lord
GOD;
Behold,
I
am
against
Pharaoh
king
of
Egypt,
and
will
break
his
arms,
the
strong,
and
that
which
was
broken;
and
I
will
cause
the
sword
to
fall
out
of
his
hand.
23
And
I
will
scatter
the
Egyptians
among
the
nations,
and
will
disperse
them
through
the
countries.
24
And
I
will
strengthen
the
arms
of
the
king
of
Babylon,
and
put
my
sword
in
his
hand:
but
I
will
break
Pharaoh's
arms,
and
he
shall
groan
before
him
with
the
groanings
of
a
deadly
wounded
man.
25
But
I
will
strengthen
the
arms
of
the
king
of
Babylon,
and
the
arms
of
Pharaoh
shall
fall
down;
and
they
shall
know
that
I
am
the
LORD,
when
I
shall
put
my
sword
into
the
hand
of
the
king
of
Babylon,
and
he
shall
stretch
it
out
upon
the
land
of
Egypt.
26
And
I
will
scatter
the
Egyptians
among
the
nations,
and
disperse
them
among
the
countries;
and
they
shall
know
that
I
am
the
LORD.
(KJV)
As
we
can
see,
the
power
that
Egypt
had
previously
had
was
given
unto
Babylon.
What
happened
to
this
first
of
the
"four
great
beasts"?
Ezek
29:14-15
14
And
I
will
bring
again
the
captivity
of
Egypt,
and
will
cause
them
to
return
into
the
land
of
Pathros,
into
the
land
of
their
habitation;
and
they
shall
be
there
a
base
kingdom.
15
It
shall
be
the
basest
of
the
kingdoms;
neither
shall
it
exalt
itself
any
more
above
the
nations:
for
I
will
diminish
them,
that
they
shall
no
more
rule
over
the
nations.
(KJV)
Egypt
was
never
over
Jerusalem,
but
the
children
of
Israel,
and
of
many
other
nations
and
peoples
were
held
in
that
first
"great
beast"
of
the
"four
great
beasts
came
up
from
the
sea,
diverse
one
from
another".
Egypt
was
very
prideful,
exalting
themselves
above
everyone
and
everything.
This
is
represented
by
the
"eagle's
wings".
"The
first
was
like
a
lion,
and
had
eagle's
wings:
I
beheld
till
the
wings
thereof
were
plucked,
and
it
was
lifted
up
from
the
earth,
and
made
stand
upon
the
feet
as
a
man,
and
a
man's
heart
was
given
to
it."
The
second
"great
beast"
of
the
"four
great
beasts
came
up
from
the
sea,
diverse
one
from
another"
was
Babylon.
Babylon
became
even
more
powerful
and
richer.
"And
behold
another
beast,
a
second,
like
to
a
bear,
and
it
raised
up
itself
on
one
side,
and
it
had
three
ribs
in
the
mouth
of
it
between
the
teeth
of
it:
and
they
said
thus
unto
it,
Arise,
devour
much
flesh."
When
the
"second,
like
to
a
bear"
raised
itself
up
(for
it
had
been
slower
to
come
to
predominance
over
the
world),
it
"had
three
ribs
in
the
mouth
of
it
between
the
teeth
of
it:
and
they
said
thus
unto
it,"
"Arise,
devour
much
flesh".
In
other
words,
'stand
up
you
lazy,
slow,
reclining
bear,
and
devour
all
whom
you
can'.
And,
that
is
what
Babylon
did.
Babylonia
[bab
i
LAWN
ih
uh]--
ancient
pagan
empire
between
the
Tigris
and
Euphrates
Rivers
in
southern
Mesopotamia.
The
Babylonians
struggled
with
the
neighboring
Assyrians
for
domination
of
the
ancient
world
during
much
of
their
history.
At
the
height
of
their
power,
the
Babylonians
overpowered
the
nation
of
Judah,
destroyed
Jerusalem,
and
carried
God's
Covenant
People
into
captivity
about
587
B.
C.
The
fortunes
of
the
Babylonians
rose
and
fell
during
the
long
sweep
of
Old
Testament
history-from
about
2000
B.
C.
to
about
500
B.
C.
References
to
these
ancient
people--
their
culture,
religion,
and
military
power--
occur
throughout
the
Old
Testament.
Babylonia
was
a
long,
narrow
country
about
65
kilometers
(40
miles)
wide
at
its
widest
point
and
having
an
area
of
about
8,000
square
miles.
It
was
bordered
on
the
north
by
Assyria,
on
the
east
by
Elam,
on
the
south
and
west
by
the
Arabian
desert,
and
on
the
southeast
by
the
Persian
Gulf.
Among
the
earliest
inhabitants
of
this
region
were
the
Sumerians,
whom
the
Bible
refers
to
as
the
people
of
the
"land
of
Shinar"
<Gen.
10:10>.
Sargon,
from
one
of
the
Sumerian
cities,
united
the
people
of
Babylonia
under
his
rule
about
2300
B.
C.
Many
scholars
believe
Sargon
was
the
same
person
as
Nimrod
<Gen.
10:8>.
Around
2000
B.
C.
HAMMURABI
emerged
as
the
ruler
of
Babylonia.
He
expanded
the
borders
of
the
Empire
and
organized
its
laws
into
a
written
system,
referred
to
by
scholars
as
the
Code
of
Hammurabi.
About
this
time
Abraham
left
UR,
one
of
the
ancient
cities
in
lower
Babylon,
and
moved
to
Haran,
a
city
in
the
north.
Still
later,
Abraham
left
Haran
and
migrated
into
the
land
of
Canaan
under
God's
promise
that
he
would
become
the
father
of
a
great
nation
<Gen.
12:1-20>.
Any
account
of
Babylonia
must
also
mention
Assyria,
which
bordered
Babylonia
on
the
north.
Assyria's
development
was
often
intertwined
with
the
course
of
Babylonian
history.
About
1270
B.
C.,
the
Assyrians
overpowered
Babylonia.
For
the
next
700
years,
Babylonia
was
a
second-rate
power
as
the
Assyrians
dominated
the
ancient
world.
Around
626
B.
C.,
Babylonian
independence
was
finally
won
from
Assyria
by
a
leader
named
Nabopolassar.
Under
his
leadership,
Babylonia
again
became
a
great
empire.
In
605
B.
C.,
Nebuchadnezzar,
the
son
of
Nabopolassar,
became
ruler
and
reigned
for
44
years.
Under
him
the
Babylonian
Empire
reached
its
greatest
strength.
Using
the
treasures
which
he
took
from
other
nations,
Nebuchadnezzar
built
BABYLON,
the
capital
city
of
Babylonia,
into
one
of
the
leading
cities
of
the
world.
The
famous
hanging
gardens
of
Babylon
were
known
as
one
of
the
seven
wonders
of
the
ancient
world.
In
587
B.
C.,
the
Babylonians
destroyed
Jerusalem
and
carried
the
leading
citizens
of
the
nation
of
Judah
as
captives
to
Babylon.
During
this
period
of
captivity,
the
Persians
conquered
Babylonia,
and
the
Babylonians
passed
from
the
scene
as
a
world
power.
During
its
long
history,
Babylonia
attained
a
high
level
of
civilization
that
was
influential
beyond
its
borders.
Sumerian
culture
was
its
basis,
which
later
Babylonians
regarded
as
traditional.
In
the
realm
of
religion,
the
Sumerians
already
had
a
system
of
gods,
each
with
a
main
temple
in
a
particular
city.
The
chief
gods
were
Anu,
god
of
heaven;
Enlil,
god
of
the
air;
and
Enki
or
Ea,
god
of
the
subterranean
ocean.
Others
were
Shamash,
the
sungod;
Sin,
the
moon-god;
Ishtar,
goddess
of
love
and
war;
and
Adad,
the
storm-god.
The
Amorites
promoted
the
god
Marduk
at
the
city
of
Babylon,
so
that
he
became
the
chief
god
of
the
Babylonian
religion,
beginning
about
1100
B.
C.
Babylonian
religion
was
temple-centered,
with
elaborate
festivals
and
many
different
types
of
priests,
especially
the
exorcist
and
the
diviner,
whose
function
was
to
drive
away
evil
spirits.
Babylonian
literature
was
dominated
by
mythology
and
legends.
Among
these
was
a
creation
myth
written
to
glorify
a
god
known
as
Marduk.
According
to
this
myth,
Marduk
created
heaven
and
earth
from
the
corpse
of
the
goddess
Tiamat.
Another
work
was
the
Gilgamish
Epic,
a
flood
story
written
about
2000
B.
C.
Scientific
literature
of
the
Babylonians
included
treatises
on
astronomy,
mathematics,
medicine,
chemistry,
botany,
and
zoology.
An
important
aspect
of
Babylonian
culture
was
a
codified
system
of
law.
Hammurabi's
famous
code
was
the
successor
of
earlier
collections
of
laws
going
back
to
about
2050
B.
C.
The
Babylonians
used
art
for
the
national
celebration
of
great
events
and
glorification
of
the
gods.
It
was
marked
by
stylized
and
symbolic
representations,
but
it
expressed
realism
and
spontaneity
in
the
depiction
of
animals.
The
Old
Testament
contains
many
references
to
Babylonia.
<Genesis
10:10>
mentions
four
Babylonian
cities,
Babel
(Babylon),
Erech
(Uruk),
Accad
(Agade)
and
Calneh.
These,
along
with
Assyria,
were
ruled
by
Nimrod.
(from
Nelson's
Illustrated
Bible
Dictionary)
(Copyright
(C)
1986,
Thomas
Nelson
Publishers)
|
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.
